Inductance, Saturation Current and DCR Explained - NG Electronics
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Inductance, Saturation Current and DCR Explained

Inductance, saturation current and DCR explained for working engineers by NG Electronics, an ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturer that measures all three on every inductor it ships.

  • L, Isat, Irms and DCR
  • Datasheet terms decoded
  • 100% electrical testing
  • Ferrite and powder cores
ISO 9001:2015Certified company
Since 2017Manufacturing in Pune
50+ peopleIn-house winding team
100% testedEvery unit, electrically
India & exportWorldwide dispatch, test certificate
Toroidal Power Inductors

Inductance, saturation current and DCR explained in plain terms

Three lines on a datasheet decide whether a power inductor suits your circuit, and this page has inductance, saturation current and DCR explained one at a time. Inductance tells you how strongly the part resists a change in current. From V = L di/dt, a larger inductance means a slower current ramp for the same applied voltage. It also sets the stored energy, E = 1/2 L I², which is why inductance and current capability must always be read together.

Inductor saturation current describes the limit of the core. As DC current rises, the core material approaches its maximum flux density, permeability drops and the inductance falls away. Manufacturers quote the current at which inductance has dropped by a stated percentage, typically 10%, 20% or 30%, so two parts are only comparable when the percentage matches. Ferrite cores with a discrete gap hold their inductance and then fall sharply; powder cores decline gradually.

Inductor DCR is the resistance of the copper winding measured with direct current, usually given in mΩ. It turns load current into heat, and it is the main reason an inductor has a separate thermal rating. Lowering DCR needs thicker wire or fewer turns, which pushes against inductance and size. NG Electronics balances these three figures when designing toroidal power inductors, and verifies each one on finished parts with LCR testers.

  • Inductance: sets the current ramp rate and the ripple
  • Saturation current: a core limit, checked against peak current
  • Rated current: a thermal limit, checked against RMS current
  • DCR: winding resistance that sets copper loss and self-heating
Toroidal power inductor with two leads, specified by inductance, saturation current and DCR ISO 9001:2015 certified
Wound & tested in Pune
Specifications

Quick reference: reading an inductor datasheet

The terms below appear on most power inductor datasheets. The right-hand column says what each one means and how to use it.

Inductance (L)Value in µH or mH at a stated test frequency and near-zero DC bias. Sets ripple through V = L di/dt.
ToleranceAllowed spread on inductance, typically ±10% or ±20%. Design with the low end.
Saturation current (Isat)DC current at which inductance has dropped by a stated percentage. Compare with circuit peak current.
Rated current (Irms)Current that produces a stated temperature rise, typically 40 °C. Compare with RMS current.
DCRDC winding resistance in mΩ. Copper loss equals RMS current squared multiplied by DCR.
Q factorRatio of reactance to loss resistance at a given frequency. Higher Q means lower loss at that frequency.
Self-resonant frequencyFrequency where winding capacitance resonates with the inductance. Operate well below it.
NG Electronics toroidal range10 µH to 10 mH standard, up to 25 A; custom 1 µH to 50 mH

Always check the test conditions printed beside each figure.

Applications

Where each parameter becomes the limiting one

Which of the three figures governs a design depends on the current waveform the inductor has to carry.

Inside a switch-mode power supply - Converter output inductors

Converter output inductors

In buck and boost stages the crest of the ripple tests saturation current, while the average load current tests the thermal rating.

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Solar plant with inverter cabinet - Solar inverter chokes

Solar inverter chokes

Heavy DC bias with ripple on top. Soft-saturating powder cores keep useful inductance at peak current, and DCR governs loss over long operating hours.

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UPS battery room - UPS and battery circuits

UPS and battery circuits

Overload and surge conditions push current well past nominal, so the inductance remaining at peak current matters more than the small-signal value.

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Audio mixing console - Audio and filter inductors

Audio and filter inductors

Crossover and filter coils need stable inductance across the signal swing and low DCR, since winding resistance alters the filter response and wastes power.

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In stock

Toroidal Power Inductors from our catalogue

Stock parts you can order today. View details, add to cart or enquire for a custom variant.

Common mode chokes S14100039 - NG Electronics
T10

₹49/pc

MOQ: 1 Pc(S)
Toridal_Inductor
Toroidal Inductors
10µH – 10mH 10APowder / Ferrite

₹340/pc

MOQ: 1 Pc(S)
SMD toroidal power inductor - NG Electronics
8.4uH, 10.4Amps SMD Toroidal Power Inductor
10µH – 10mH10AIron Powder / Ferrite

₹499/pc

MOQ: 1 Pc(S)
Toroidal power choke
1220uH, 12.3A Toroidal power choke
10µH – 10mH 25AIron Powder / Ferrite

₹499/pc

MOQ: 1 Pc(S)

See the full toroidal power inductors range

Send us your L, Isat and DCR targets

Write to sales@ngelectronics.in or call or WhatsApp +91 83290 52861, Monday to Saturday between 9am and 7pm, and we will propose a part that meets all three.

Design guide

Inductor rated current vs saturation current: which limit applies

The question of inductor rated current vs saturation current confuses many first designs because both are stated in amperes. They describe different failures. Exceed saturation current and the inductance collapses within the same switching cycle: the current ramp steepens, peak current climbs and the switch is stressed. Exceed rated current and nothing dramatic happens at once; the winding simply runs hotter than intended.

Copper resistance rises by roughly 0.4% per °C, so a winding running 50 °C above the temperature at which it was measured has about 20% more DCR than the datasheet figure. Ferrite saturation flux density also falls as the core warms, which lowers saturation current at exactly the moment the part is working hardest. The diagram shows inductance falling as DC bias current rises, which is why the stated drop percentage matters when comparing parts.

  1. Find peak and RMS currentWork out the highest instantaneous current, including fault and start-up conditions, and separately the RMS current at full load.
  2. Compare peak with saturation currentUse the saturation figure at your maximum core temperature and note the inductance drop it is defined at. Leave margin above the peak.
  3. Compare RMS with rated currentConfirm that the stated temperature rise added to your ambient stays inside the limits of the wire insulation and nearby components.
  4. Calculate copper loss from DCRMultiply RMS current squared by the hot DCR. If the loss is too high, move to heavier wire, multi-strand copper or a larger core.
  5. Verify on real partsMeasure inductance under DC bias and DCR on samples, then check temperature rise inside the finished enclosure.
Inductance against DC bias current, showing where the core begins to saturate.
Inductance against DC bias current, showing where the core begins to saturate.
NG Electronics manufacturing unit, Chimbli, Pune - ISO 9001:2015 certified companyWinding and assembly floor at NG Electronics, PuneAssembly and electrical testing line at NG Electronics
About NG Electronics

How NG Electronics controls these three figures

Numbers on a drawing only help if production parts match them. NG Electronics is an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, and all of its output is 100% electrically tested: inductance, DCR, Q factor, saturation current and hipot are measured on every unit. Winding and testing take place in-house in Pune, and batch records trace each delivery to its raw material and production date.

For toroidal power inductors the standard range runs from 10 µH to 10 mH at up to 25 A, on iron powder and ferrite cores, with heavier gauge or multi-strand copper used when a higher current is needed. Tell us the inductance required at your peak current, the DCR you can accept and the space available. A technical quotation is returned within 24 working hours, and a free sample follows for approval.

ISO 9001:2015 certifiedQuality system audited and documented
Wound and tested in-houseNothing outsourced, nothing rebadged
100% electrical testingInductance, DCR, Q, saturation, hipot
Batch traceabilityRecords back to material and date
Engineer-to-engineer supportDesign help from specification to sample
India and export deliveryExport documents and test certificate
How it works

From your requirement to tested delivery

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Call, WhatsApp or use the form with inductance, current and quantity.

Technical quotation

Price, lead time and datasheet within 24 working hours.

Free sample

Sample built in-house for your lab testing and approval.

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Production with 100% electrical testing under ISO 9001:2015.

Delivery + certificate

Packed with a test certificate, shipped across India or exported worldwide.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Answers about inductance, saturation current and DCR explained from NG Electronics, an ISO 9001:2015 certified company

Inductance is the small-signal value in µH or mH that sets how fast current changes for a given voltage. Saturation current is the DC level at which that inductance has dropped by a stated percentage because the core is nearing its flux limit. DCR is the resistance of the winding, which determines copper loss and heating under load.

Rated current is thermal: it is typically the DC current that raises the part's temperature by a stated amount, often 40 °C. Saturation current is magnetic: the current at which inductance falls by a stated percentage. Peak circuit current is compared with saturation current, and RMS current with rated current.

The saturation flux density of ferrite falls as temperature rises, so a ferrite inductor saturates at a lower current when hot than at room temperature. Powder core materials are typically less sensitive. For this reason saturation current should be checked at the highest core temperature expected in service, not only at the 25 °C figure commonly printed on datasheets.

Copper loss equals RMS current squared multiplied by DCR, so the loss grows quickly with load. At 5 A, a DCR of 20 mΩ dissipates 0.5 W. At high switching frequencies, AC winding loss and core loss add to this, so DCR is an important part of the loss picture but not all of it.

Only by using a larger core or a better core material. In a fixed size, more inductance needs more turns, which raises DCR and makes the core saturate at a lower current. Thicker wire lowers DCR but leaves room for fewer turns. Good design means deciding which figure matters most for the circuit and giving ground on the others.

Yes. Every unit is electrically tested for inductance, DCR, Q factor, saturation current and hipot before dispatch, using LCR testers and related equipment at the Pune facility. A test certificate is supplied with the order on request, and batch records provide traceability to raw material and production date.

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